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2024-05-28 03:04| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

Freactive

A simple reactive library for Python - use in Flet, wxPython and other imperative frameworks

Usage Copy freactive.py into your project and import the decorator autoproperty. from freactive import autoproperty Create a model class and use the decorator to create reactive properties. @autoproperty('counter', default_value=100, callback=update_counter_ui) @autoproperty('weather', default_value='sunny', callback=update_weather_ui) class Model: pass model = Model()

In your UI framework event handlers set properties on the model. Do not manually update the UI in these event handlers (that's just too imperative!).

Place the code which updates the UI into the callback functions referred to by the @autoproperty decorator.

See the Flet example below for a simple runnable application using this approach.

The autoproperty decorator

Adds a simple form of reactivity to any class.

Automatically creates a getter and setter for the class attribute name being passed in. The callback function, if present, is called when the attribute state changes, the two arguments are the attribute name and the new value.

Additionally:

A special class property _auto_properties is created which contains a list of all auto properties. Use this for reference. A special boot method is created which sets the values of all auto properties to their current values, thereby triggering all the callbacks. This is good for setting up the initial state of the application.

Theoretically, since the decorated Model is in fact a Subject in a Subject-Observer design pattern, I initially considered implementing the decorator 'callback' function differently, and have it call an Observer object's onNotify() method which would update the UI. Such an object would have been a kind of Controller. However, this approach was not taken because it requires creating a new Observer object for each model property, whereas callback functions are simpler.

Putting Reactivity back into Flet

Is Flet's use of imperative programming a breath of traditional fresh air or are you used to the features you get with a more reactive framework?

These days I am used to reactive programming, e.g. in vuejs, its nice to be able to update data and have all the UI update automatically. I've gotten used to model (state) to UI auto binding - especially in large complex projects.

Possible Solution

I'm loving Flet, however I miss the reactivity of Vuejs and even Flutter. So I put together a solution - instead of imperitively allowing the Flet UI control event callbacks e.g. on_click, to update the UI directly, we update a reactive model, which in turn updates the Flet UI.

We are thus introducing a level of indirection whereby the Flet UI control events callbacks update a model, and then the model notifies the UI abstractly, via special observing UI callback functions e.g. update_counter_ui.

The benefit of this approach is that the UI will be updated automatically whenever the model changes by any other means e.g. business logic. The updating of the UI becomes a separate concern to the business logic updating of the model, which brings the architecture more in line with frameworks like Vuejs and even Flutter.

Example flet_example1.py

import flet from flet import ElevatedButton, Page, TextField from freactive import autoproperty def main(page: Page): def incrementCounter(e): model.counter += 1 # don't update the UI directly, update the model instead def changeWeather(e): model.weather = 'rainy' tb1 = TextField(label="") b = ElevatedButton(text="Increment", on_click=incrementCounter) tb2 = TextField(label="") b2 = ElevatedButton(text="Change Weather", on_click=changeWeather) page.add(tb1, b, tb2, b2) # Define observing callback functions for the model attributes - these update the UI def update_counter_ui(arg1, arg2=None): tb1.value = arg2 # page.update() # either this tb1.update() # or this (more efficient) def update_weather_ui(arg1, arg2=None): tb2.value = arg2 # page.update() tb2.update() # Define the model @autoproperty('counter', default_value=100, callback=update_counter_ui) @autoproperty('weather', default_value='sunny', callback=update_weather_ui) class Model: pass model = Model() model.boot() # causes all observing callbacks to be called, which updates the UI with the initial state of the model flet.app(target=main) Performance Considerations

Q: Feodor

Interesting idea! I'm wondering how that works if you are updating multiple properties of a model at the same time? Would it call page.update() on every property update?

A: Andy

@Feodor Thanks! As for the thorny issue of whether page.update() is called after each model property update - it depends on what you, the developer, put in the reactive callback handlers. In the example shown above, each reactive callback handler has a call to page.update(), so each model property update will trigger a page update - which I guess is not ideal.

You could theoretically leave out all the calls to page.update() in the reactive callback handlers and instead manually call page.update() at some optimal time, which would result in optimal performance.

I can't help wondering if there is a way of hooking into Flet and Flutter in a deeper way, to solve this.

Breakthrough:

Changing each page.update() in each reactive callback handler to YOURCONTROL.update() in the example flet_example1.py works OK.

Q: Andy

Though, I'm actually unclear on when to do page updates as opposed to getting away with mere control updates. Surely there has to be a page.update() eventually somewhere?

A: Feodor

page.update() goes through the entire controls tree and collects/sends all the changes while Control.update() collects changes on the control and its children.

Resources

Flet Project https://flet.dev/

Flet discord chat https://discord.com/channels/981374556059086931/1000264673284857866

Andy's background note musings on reactivity in Vuejs vs Flutter and Flet

Andy Bulka's Blog incl. various MVC-style design patterns

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